Among them, 86.7 percent of males and 80.6 percent of females reported using a smartphone, and 95.9 percent of teenagers were found to use a smartphone ( Korea Internet and Security Agency, 2017). In a survey on Korean smartphone use in 2016, 83.6 percent of Koreans aged over 3 years were found to use a smartphone. In the findings of a survey conducted in 40 nations, South Korea showed the highest rate of smartphone ownership (88%) followed by Australia (77%), and the United States (72%). In comparison, a median of 87 percent reported the same across 11 advanced economies, including the United States and Canada, major Western European nations, developed Pacific nations (Australia, Japan, and South Korea), and Israel ( Pew Research Center, 2016). In 2015, a median of 54 percent across 21 emerging and developing countries such as Malaysia, Brazil, and China reported using the Internet at least occasionally or owning a smartphone. This number is expected to be 2.32 billion in 2017 and 2.87 billion in 2020 ( Statista, 2017). Worldwide, smartphones were used by 1.85 billion people in 2014. The portability and accessibility of a smartphone make it possible to use it anywhere, for any duration. Young people watch videos, express themselves, communicate with friends, and search for information using smartphones, while older people use their smartphone for having video calls with their children living far away and for playing games.
Smartphones offer qualitatively different services in addition to the benefits that the Internet offers. A smartphone combines the services of the Internet and a mobile phone. The Internet is very useful for a variety of purposes, such as convenient electronic commerce, rapid sharing of information, contact with other cultures, emotional support, and entertainment ( Kraut et al., 1998 Morahan-Martin, 1999 Scherer, 1997).
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